Cooperation is necessary for all areas of life. However, paradoxes, it is essentially exposed to exploitation by cheating. Consequently, an illustrative necessity motivates many evolutionary biologists to search for mechanisms that can support cooperation. In general, cooperation and preservation can appear when operators interact enough with themselves. This connection provides a kind of formation and reciprocity. The most important and common mechanisms for achieving this task is to choose relatives, spatial structure, and enforcement (punishment). Here, we used the simulation models based on the agent to investigate these central mechanisms against police strategies. We concluded that the latter could easily violate the first and take over the population. This amazing result may urge to rethink the development of cooperation, as it shows that maintaining cooperation may be more difficult than previously thought. Moreover, experimental applications may support these theoretical results, such as the invasion of the cooperative population of pathogens through genetically engineering policewoman, which can be a possible treatment for many non -curable diseases.

Issue notes

Updated for Python and Netlogo (version 6.1.1 or later).

Publications associated with them

Ibrahim, can the defendant’s strategies violate the most important supportive mechanisms for cooperation. Sci Rep 12, 15157 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/S41598-022-18797-2